Calls To Action

Suggestions to take action Suggestions to take action Suggestions to take action By Maeve Maddox A peruser ponders about the plural for a promoting term: As of late the CEO of an organization composed an email to me saying that his product would naturally create call-to-activities. I am almost certain he ought to have composed invitations to take action. Am I right? The peruser is right. While pluralizing a compound word that contains more than one thing, the general standard is to make the vital thing plural. For this situation, call is the important thing. The plural is â€Å"calls to action.† The term â€Å"call to action† alludes to the piece of a notice that prompts a shopper to act. In messages proposed for perusers in the advertising business, the term is normally composed CTA. â€Å"Buy now!† and â€Å"Order now!† are normal CTAs. As â€Å"call to action† doesn't have a section in the OED, Merriam-Webster Unabridged, Collins, or the AP Stylebook, I can’t refer to one of my standard specialists with regards to whether the thing structure ought to be hyphenated. My sense is that it ought not. The view communicated in The AP Stylebook mirrors the basic disposition among distributers: â€Å"The less hyphens the better; use them just when not utilizing them causes confusion.† A Web search isn’t much assistance in finding which formâ€hyphenated or non-hyphenatedâ€is progressively normal with â€Å"call to action.† I found a business blog that plumps for the hyphens: embolden, suggestions to take action, CTA, CTAs: Always hyphenate when utilized as a thing (as in â€Å"call-to-action† or â€Å"calls-to-action†) or a descriptive word (as in â€Å"call-to-activity button† or â€Å"call-to-activity manager†). At whatever point conceivable, attempt to use CTA or CTAs instead of the hyphenated variant (it’s a significant piece!). Be that as it may, the unhyphenated expression is by all accounts the favored decision in legitimate British, Australian, American, and Canadian distributions and on government locales. â€Å"Call for action† can be comprehended without hyphens as a thing, yet it requires them when the expression is utilized as a modifier. Here are instances of both thing and descriptive word use: Each site ought to have a source of inspiration, a reaction you need clients to finish. Does Your White Paper Have a Call to Action? Plan and generateâ call-to-activity buttonsâ in minutes.â Go plant those source of inspiration expresses in your duplicate and watch your business develop. With or without hyphens, add the - s to call to make the expression plural. Related post: Compound Plurals Video Recap Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Spelling class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Ten Yiddish Expressions You Should KnowI wish I were...

Unique Marketing Model of Aldi Company Case Study - 135

Interesting Marketing Model of Aldi Company - Case Study Example The universal extension of Aldi stores had an enormous effect on driving worldwide retailers (Steen and Lane1). Giving clients primary goal by owing them regard assumed a significant job in the serious condition. Creation of prevalent and new brands than the contenders would assume a huge job in supporting the upper hand to Aldi. Global development of the stores would likewise assume a significant job in supporting upper hand (Tichy and DeRose Web). Bringing down the costs and expanding the quality degree of creation to clients. Arrangement of novel and better brands made reliability than the greater part of the providers of Aldi for extensive stretch of time and a few clients accepted that the items were national brands from a remote nation (Tichy and DeRose Web). Bringing down the costs gets more clients since all can buy their decisions with the little they own. Further, since the larger part are consistently after quality items, more clients would come in to make the most of their individual inclinations. Aldi incredibly accepted that quality is reasonable to satisfy the developing need by effectively entering new markets in Houston, Florida and New York and presenting of new item, for example, natural nourishments. Aldi’s financials are normal. The organization doesn't appear to get more incomes from different rivalries, for example, Walmart. The company’s money related position is anyway extremely solid. The organization by and large has solid budget reports with ever expanding in income gathered nearly on a yearly premise. As per the Aldi and Walmart information of (2012), the worldwide income of Aldi ranges at $66 billion contrasted with that of Walmart that ranges from $444 billion.(Steen and Lane10) This is an unmistakable sign that Aldi level is low contrasted with Walmart. Walmart additionally had the quantity of stores in the U.S contrasted with Aldi each possessing 1,188 and 3211 respectively.â

Objection to Deceptive Advertisement

Objection to Deceptive Advertisement Objection to Deceptive Advertisement Home›Marketing Posts›Objection to Deceptive AdvertisementMarketing PostsThe whole idea of an advertisement is to manipulate a person into desiring a product they previously did not care much about. Many consumer advertisements do not actually give real facts about the product, but rather aim at altering the lifestyle of the audience, by creating a new self image. Deceptive advertisement, as this form of advertising is called, is not a good trend and should be appropriately controlled by the relevant mechanisms.Generally, the consumer holds the advertiser in high esteem and as such, expects nothing short of honesty in the message delivered. The belief that advertisements are rich sources of information is captured in results of several studies carried in the past. According to studies spanning from 1974 to 1989, the majority or 70% of the consumers trust advertisements (Coulter, Robin A. 2001).If the confidence that the consumer has regarding a particular product is lost, regaining the same level of trust is next to impossible. Most of these advertisements use weasel words or practice what is referred to as puffery in order to draw customers. Examples of such advertisements are “Omo, the most powerful detergent” and “…help control acne”.This practice is seen to be harmful and unethical towards the consumers, who consequently turn to defensive reactions towards any further advertisement. Deceptive advertisement is a direct contradiction of the first of the three moral principles of advertisement, which is the upholding of truthfulness at all instances. As Peter R. Darke and Robin J.B. Ritchie (2007) say, deceptive advertising triggers these self protective reactions through biased systematic processing and biased heuristic processing.Generally, consumers perceive all the information emanating from the advertiser as whole some truth. However, if they do not get the desired results from the product, then the adver tiser can be deemed to have failed the limit of moral behavior.

Analysis of Women Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon Free Essay Example, 3250 words

Migrant domestic workers in Lebanon are highly vulnerable to abuse because they are not legally protected by Lebanese labor policies; and their immigration policies are also supported by sponsor-based visas which often bind these workers to their employers for the duration of their contract (Human Rights Watch, p. 21). These migrant domestic workers are also not allowed to change employers unless a release waiver is signed and notarized, and is allowed by the Lebanese officials (Human Rights Watch, p. 21). Under this arrangement, the employers are winners and the migrant domestic workers are at the losing end because it is easy for the employers to abuse the legal policy and to force workers to continue working under unfavorable working conditions and to refuse to grant such a waiver. Incidents of abuse of these migrant domestic helpers in Lebanon have become a usual part of their daily news reports. Monitoring carried out by the Human Rights Watch (p. 21) revealed thousands of complaints from migrant domestic workers, mostly expressing abuse from their employers, including the non-payment of their salaries, long working hours, forced confinement in their workplace, no time or days off, unfavorable living conditions, sexual abuse, physical abuse, verbal abuse, and the confiscation of their identity and travel documents. The Human Rights Watch reports that about one-third of foreign domestic workers in Lebanon are denied their time off and about 50% of them work for at least 10 hours in a day (Sterns). In an International Labor Organization survey of Sri Lankan domestic workers in Lebanon, about 88% were not allowed any time off, and almost 30% of these workers expressed that they were often not given enough food to eat (Sterns). In recent years, these incidents of abuse have continued to rise and there seems to be no clear solution to this issue. Moreover, these continued incidents seem to be reflected in the fact about one domestic worker dies each week in Lebanon, and most of these deaths are thru suicide (Migrant Rights). We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Women Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now

Should Sex Education Be Taught - 947 Words

A subject that is talked about a lot in today’s society is whether or not kids should receive sex education in public schools. With rates of teen pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases on the rise, it is essential that school aged adolescents receive appropriate sex education courses. Though many parents across the nation believe that it is crucial to curriculum, how much they should be taught and what exactly should be taught is up for dispute. Articles such as â€Å"Abstinence and Abstinence-only Education: A Review of U.S. policies and Programs† written by John Santelli, Mary A. Ott, Maureen Lyon, Jennifer Rogers, Daniel Summers and Rebecca Schleifer and â€Å"The Impact of Abstinence and Comprehensive Sex and STD/HIV Education Programs on Adolescent Sexual Behavior† Douglas B. Kirby analyze the two types of sex education in the U.S. and their effectiveness on teens. In â€Å"Abstinence and Abstinence-only Education: A Review of U.S. polici es and Programs† Santelli et al. claims that even though sex education programs that only offer abstinence-only instruction are ethically flawed, abstinence from sexual activity is efficient behavioral choice for teenagers to make. In order to support their claim, the authors focus on the federal government’s involvement on funding for these abstinence programs and the censorship of the information that they portray. In â€Å"The Impact of Abstinence and Comprehensive Sex and STD/HIV Education Programs on Adolescent Sexual Behavior,†Show MoreRelatedShould Sex Education Be Taught?1553 Words   |  7 Pageschildren get the proper education they need so they are aware and are able to protect themselves. The way sex education should be taught is debated among parents, educators, religious groups, and society. Some people believe in abstinence only curriculum while others believe a comprehensive curriculum is more effective. Values, beliefs, and funds can affect how students are being taught. It is important that we pick a curriculum that works best for the students. Sex education can vary in what theyRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?862 Words   |  4 Pageswrite about is Sex Education in the classroom. Almost all student in the USA receive some type of sex education between the grades 7th and 12th. Sometime even as early as 4th grade. Many states now have laws that do not allow the parents to opt out of the class, regardless of how they feel about their child being taught, these things (Contemporary Education Issues | K12 Academics, 2015). While some states leave it up to the individual district to set the rules for sex education in the districtRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught? Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressing sex education in my classroom. The state-mandated teaching standards promoting a biased, abstinence-only program, however, do little to communicate reliable and inclusive information about sexuality. Texas provisions and education codes relating to sex education should sustain amendments that fully address the sexual health needs of every student, regardless of their gender identity, sexual orientation or sexual expression. Sex Education in Texas The topic of sex education in the UnitedRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?2918 Words   |  12 PagesCarley Siegel Position Paper Midterm 10/15/14 Sex Education in Schools Minnesota is ranked number six out of all states in teen birth rate. Minnesota is ranked number three in teen pregnancy rate. The average ages for all of these results are girls aged from fifteen to nineteen. With the most recent statics, in 2012 there were 3,295 teenage girls to give birth to a child and in 2010 there was 146 million spent on teenage childbearing. The last statistic I found was there were are 18.5 births perRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?1226 Words   |  5 PagesShould sex education be taught to young adults in school? This has been a major controversial topic for many years amongst parents, teachers, and other community members. Their biggest concern is that it teaches students that it is okay to have sex at a young age and think that the program shows them how sexual intercourse is done. Although, this is not the intent of the class, like some may think. They tend to believe that abstinence-only programs should be taught in schools. Allowing sexual edu cationRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?1124 Words   |  5 PagesSex is always a touchy subject, adolescents feel embarrassed discussing it with their parents or teacher and adults feel awkward answering questions. When people discuss being pregnant or breastfeed it’s often referred to as a natural thing, but when discussing sex it is a natural thing that a lot of adults feel uncomfortable confronting. There can be number of problems that can occur in the area of adolescent sexuality, but it is important to keep in mind majority of adolescents have healthy sexualRead MoreChildren Should Be Not Taught Sex Education974 Words   |  4 Pageschildren should be not taught Sex Education. It’s a vital part of human existence and can prevent a lot of harm. However, the real question is not doing it but from whom is the adolescent hearing it from. It’s been common in the United States since the 1980’s for almost every school to offer some form of Sex edu cation. Even as early as Elementary years. The real debate on the issue is whether or not the school system is doing it properly or even whether or not it’s their job at all. Sex educationRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Teaching only about abstinence is like teaching ‘a driver s education course in which teachers show students grisly photos of traffic accidents but never tell them to stop at red lights or buckle their seat belts’ (Wagle). Sex education is often a hot topic of debate within the States, where high school teens often receive some form of sexual education. However, the quality of this information varies from state to state and even district to district. Although there are many different definitionsRead MoreSex Education Should Be Taught in School2204 Words   |  9 PagesSEX EDUCATION â€Å"If the Liberals law is passed, will sex education in the schools, including elementary grades, include the same portrayals of sexual activity which presently exist in heterosexual instruction? Will there be the same presentation of homosexual activity? Of course there will.†Ã‚   Stockwell Day Sex education, also known as sexuality education or sex and relationshipsRead MoreWhy Sex Education Should Be Taught Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesintercourse, 29 percent during anal intercourse and only 4 percent during oral sex.† Why is it that students aren’t protecting themselves against these issues? B. I am a credible source about this information because I am a college student who knows other students sex lives, not just in college but in high school too. II. Body A. Why sex education should be taught in school 1. Sex education should be taught in school for students to learn how to protect themselves against STDs and unwanted

The Deep Vein Thrombosis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

What is Deep Vein Thrombosis or good known as DVT. Did you of all time heard about blood coagulum? A status which a blood coagulum thrombus signifiers in a vena is known as venous thrombosis. Blood flow through the vena can be limited by the blood coagulum, ensuing in swelling and hurting. We will write a custom essay sample on The Deep Vein Thrombosis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most commonly occurs in the deep vena in the legs, thigh or pelvic girdle but it can still go on elsewhere in the organic structure ( Pai and Douketis, 2012 ) . The larger venas that go through the musculuss of the calf and thigh are deep leg venas. They are non the venas that we can see merely below our teguments, neither are the same as varicose vena. Deep Vein Thrombosis is most common in grownups over age 60 but it can go on at any age every bit good. DVT normally can do intercalation when a portion or all of the blood coagulum in the vena breaks off from the site where it is formed and travel along the venous system. DVT can take to long lasting job. It can damage the vena and do the leg to breeze through, swell, alter colour and leg sores after old ages. What cause deep vena coagulums to organize? Blood coagulum can organize in venas when you are inactive. For blink of an eye, coagulums can organize if you are paralyzed or sit while on a long journey. Surgery, hurt and malignant neoplastic disease besides can damage your blood vas and lead to blood coagulum. If DVT remain in the legs it can do a few complications including phlebitis and leg ulcer besides can take to pneumonic intercalation. Phlebitis is a status which blood coagulums with redness in superficial vena was seldom cause serious job but if blood coagulum in deep venas go on require instant attending because it can take to intercalation. Deep Vein Thrombosis can do the blood flow in the vena is partly or wholly blocked by the blood coagulum. The common site for DVT is in calf vena and a thigh vena is less normally affected while DVT is seldom happen in other deep venas. There are few alternate names for DVT such as thromboembolism, post-phlebitic syndrome or post-thrombotic syndrome. A pneumonic intercalation is a dangerous complication and long-distance flights may lend to the hazard of DVT or besides known as economy-class syndrome. Coronary bosom disease, being overweight or corpulent, coffin nail smoke, gestation, household history of DVT or recent surgery or hurt besides can take for DVT to go on. A DVT is frequently merely a one-of event after a major operation has been done. However, some people who develop a DVT have an on-going hazard of a farther DVT. If have a blood curdling job or continued stationariness, so everybody are advised to seek for a medical attention or take anticoagulation such as heparin inj ection ( after which they are prescribed Coumadin ) to avoid farther complication. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Histopathology Histopathology refers to the microscopic scrutiny of tissue in order to analyze the manifestations of disease. Examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by diagnostician, after the specimen has been processed and histological subdivisions have been topographic points onto glass slides besides can good depict about the histopathology. Sing with DVT, its histopathology is rather complex to understand. Differential diagnostic considerations prior to thrombolytic intervention and surgery should include tumors. Definitive diagnosing can be achieved by a biopsy but CT and MRI besides bring rather a function in naming DVT. However, CT and MRI merely such a waste when the disease is at an advanced phase because any of these scrutinies should be done in the early phase of disease. Based on Phlebol ( 2006 ) , soleal vena was the most frequent site of DVT. At first, primary thrombi would be formed at soleal venas, so its will propagate to proximal venas. The proximal venas would be occluded by fresh thrombi, thenceforth secondary thrombi were made at non-drainage calf venas. Paterson and McLachlin found that most venous thrombi consisted of two parts. One of it is composed preponderantly of fibrin and trapped red blood cell while the other one are composed largely by aggregative thrombocytes. The fibrin-rich parts that attached the thrombi to the vas wall, while the platelet-rich parts localized farther from the site of fond regard. These show that activation of curdling system come before thrombocyte activation and aggregation during the formation of venous thrombi ( Lopez et al, n.d ) . Based on that inf ormation, we know that the usage of anti-platelets drug in venous thrombosis is really limited. Histopathology grounds in DVT shows that coagulation occurs on or nearer to the endothelial surface. When curdling starts on the endothelial surface, thrombocytes may be regrouped to the fibrin coagulum rich in thrombin through adhesive interactions and it will ensue to farther thrombus growing. Based on everything that stated above, we can state that the thrombocyte aggregation localize to parts of the coagulum that are far off from its site of attachment and anti-platelet drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid has prove that it can cut down the hazard of DVT in our cherished life. 2.2 Causes and Risk Factors Deep Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood coagulums signifiers in a deep vena in our organic structure. DVT ever go on in the legs but it can still go on in your weaponries, thorax, or other countries of your organic structure. The blood coagulum can barricade our circulation or Lodge in a blood vas in our lungs, bosom, or other portion of our organic structure and can do terrible organ harm and can take to decease. This subject will uncover about every causes and hazard factors that can take to DVT. There are many causes and hazard of DVT. Some of that are: A individual will hold DVT when a vena A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s inner liner is damaged. There are many factors that can take to this hurt. For instant it can be cause by physical, chemical, or biological factors. Besides, surgery, serious hurts, redness and immune responses besides can be the causes to it. DVT can besides go on when the blood flow is sulky or slow. Stationariness or deficiency of gesture can do sulky or slow blood flow. This status ever occurs after the surgery, bed remainder for a long period and holding a long journey that take a long clip. A status which blood is thicker or more likely tend to coagulate than normal ( thrombophilia ) besides can ensue in DVT. This is due to familial status such as V Leiden factor that increase the hazard of blood curdling. Apart from that, endocrine therapy or birth control pills besides can increase the hazard of blood coagulum. The preventive pill and endocrine replacing therapy ( HRT ) has little increased hazard of DVT since the oestrogen in it can do the blood to coagulate somewhat more easy. Peoples with malignant neoplastic disease or bosom failure can besides increase the hazard for DVT. Usually, probe looking for the cause of DVT may demo malignant neoplastic disease to be the implicit in cause. Older people over the age 60 old ages besides probably to hold DVT peculiarly if they have hapless mobility or holding a serious unwellness that can halt them to make a batch of action. Pregnancy besides increased the hazard for DVT to go on. Normally, within six month after they give birth or while they are pregnant. Dehydration will increase the opportunities for DVT because the blood becomes more gluey an apt to coagulate. As a male, safeguard should be taken because work forces tend to develop a DVT more frequently than adult females. Bing an corpulent individual besides can take to DVT. There are many causes and hazard of DVT that we are incognizant of it for the certain time.DVT can go on anyplace in our organic structure portion and besides can assail everybody in different ages but older people are more vulnerable to it. The most hazardous patient to hold DVT is after holding a surgery because the blood can easy coagulate if it non cared in a good ways. Lack active individuals besides are in a high hazard of DVT since it will do the blood to flux easy and easy to coagulate. DVT besides can be inherited and incorrect pill intake besides can ensue in DVT. In easy word, there are many causes and hazards that can take to DVT and every citizen around this universe should take every safety safeguard to avoid DVT. 2.3 Incidence and Comparison There are many people around this universe that have experience DVT. About 2 million Americans have experienced DVT each twelvemonth without they are recognizing it. Based on Convenient option for DVT ( 2012 ) , the exact incidence of DVT is still unknown in Malaysia but there is turning grounds that DVT is non uncommon in Asians. Based on necropsy surveies, hospital audits of admittance to major infirmaries and besides subclinical DVT in high hazard state of affairss such as after major joint surgeries show that there is increase of the incidence. Harmonizing to Prof Hatem Salem, Head of Department, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, there is sedate misconception that DVT is rare in Asians because he finds out that Asians excessively are at hazard of DVT ( Convenient option for DVT, 2012 ) . Normally, DVT happen after post-surgeries and a few studies have appeared with high incidence of DVT in orthopaedic patients comparable to Western survey. Dhillon, Askander and Doraisamy ( 19 96 ) suggest that the present pattern of keep backing everyday prophylaxis against thromboembolism in Asiatic patients undergoing bad orthopedic process should be reconsidered. In Western states, DVT occurs in 45 % to 84 % of patients after hip and articulatio genus surgery in the absence of prophylaxis ( Stulberg et al, 1984 ) but there is a steadfast belief that the complications is rather rare in Asiatic patients. Lack of consciousness in Asia of a status that become one of the chief slayer factors in West is due to the religion that thromboembolic disease is rare in Asia. Since DVT ever have been linked with post-operative so every patient that have undergoes surgery should take a good attention of their wellness to avoid DVT. However, there are few sentiments that stated DVT is rare in Asians and the first study was made by Tinckler in 1964 stated that there is rareness of post-operative DVT and pneumonic intercalation in Asians ( Tun et al, 2004 ) . A survey that has been made in a few Asians state like Malaysia, Hong Kong and Japan besides show that there is low incidence post-operative DVT has happened around this state. A few incidences in Asiatics can be taken to do a comparing with the Western to demo differences in frequence of DVT in this universe. In developed states of the Western country show that DVT and attendant pneumonic intercalation is still becomes the figure one menace to post-surgery while in Asian specifically in Malaysia show that there is still low incidence of DVT after the operation done. A survey has been made in United Kingdom to stand for Western hemisphere and Malaysia as Asian A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s representator. In UK, Sandler and Martin found that 9 % of patients admitted to a general infirmary died and 10 % of these deceases were due to pneumonic intercalation that originated from DVT of lower limb. Based on a survey made in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia on 45 patients, merely one positive DVT confirm among 45 patients that have been observed. There is merely 2.2 % and this good consequence show incidence of DVT among patient in Asia is still low ( Tun et al, 2004 ) . In a nut shell, the incidence of postoperative DVT in Asiatic patients is non low as is normally believed and besides it is non high like we know. Larger surveies are needed to settle this contention and happen out all the true fact sing this affair. Based on survey that has been made above, everyday pattern of keep backing prophylaxis in Asiatic patients undergoing bad orthopedic process should be reconsidered. We can reason that DVT is still low in Asians but we should be cognizant of DVT in the hereafter because it is excessively hazardous to take this affair as little things. 2.4 Mortality and Morbidity If DVT is left untreated, there are many bad effects can go on and some of that can ensue in mortality and morbidity. There is short-terms morbidity in DVT such as cardiorespiratory effects that may detain ablactating from mechanical airing and there is besides long-run morbidity like patient-centered effects such as chronic venous inadequacy. Based on Vascular Medicine ( 1998 ) , short-run mortality for DVT patient is reported to run between 7 % and 15 % merely while long-run mortality has record a great figure of deceases for patient with DVT. In a Dutch survey of 355 patients, 90 died during follow up. Patients with a DVT are at hazard for morbidity and mortality since a fragment of the thrombus can embolize to the lungs. Anthony and Bon ( 2004 ) , suggested that about one half of patients with an untreated proximal DVT will develop a pneumonic intercalation within 3 months. In the yesteryear, contrast venography has been used to govern out DVT. Nevertheless, due to some job such as outgo of work force and clip, infinite and equipment and most significantly is it besides associated with morbidity, it was been terminated and been replaced with other machine that can get the better of this job. There are many indicants of short-run mortality of patients with DVT such as malignant neoplastic disease, pneumonic intercalation and major hemorrhage. There are besides many caused that can take to long-run mortality such as malignance, pneumonic intercalation, acute myocardial infarction, ischaemic shot and decoagulant related to bleeding. 2.5 Pathophysiology 2.6 Signs and Symptoms There are few symptoms to acknowledge DVT but frequently DVT occurs without any symptoms. The symptoms of DVT are related to obstructor of blood returning to the bosom and doing a pooling of blood in the leg. Patient with DVT will undergo puffiness of the affected leg and the leg may experience warm and look ruddy. Apart from that, patient calf or thigh may hurt or experience stamp if it is been touch or squeezing or when base or move. There are no symptoms appear if the blood coagulum is little and for some instances, Pulmonary Embolism is the first mark that confirm for DVT. Basically, it can be difficult to observe DVT since some of the symptoms are same with other wellness jobs. Sign and symptoms entirely are non plenty to find the DVT but when hazard factor is take under considerable, so it can assist to find likeliness of DVT. Some of the common mark and symptoms of DVT: Pain Swelling ( hydrops ) Tenderness Inflammation or tegument colour alterations Skin heat Stain Dilatation of venas surface Discomfort when the pes is pulled upward Leg weariness Signs and symptoms occur vary depending on the badness of the status and non all of these symptoms have to happen with deep vena thrombosis. 2.6.1 Conditionss That May Cause Similar Symptoms Patient is advised non to do any early premise in holding Deep Vein Thrombosis if they are undergo the symptom that stated above since there are a figure of different conditions that can do the same mark and symptoms like DVT. Some of the conditions are: Muscles achings and cryings Superficial thrombophlebitis ( blood coagulum that forms in an inflamed portion of a vena near the surface of the organic structure ) Varicose venas ( blood vass that are abnormally conceited and distorted Blood coagulums in arterias Arthritis ( redness of the articulation ) Cellulitis ( infection in tissue under the tegument ) Bone break Lymphedema ( swelling in the custodies and pess caused by extra unstable keeping ) Since DVT symptoms are rather same like other wellness job, patient demand to undergo specific process and particular trial to corroborate the diagnosing or regulation out the other job. Imagination MODALITIES 3.1 First Line Evaluation 3.2 Second Line Evaluation IMAGES FEATURE OF PATHOLOGY TREATMENT AND PREVENTION Prognosis Decision How to cite The Deep Vein Thrombosis Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Competitive Advantage In Through Efficient â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Competitive Advantage In Through Efficient? Answer: Introducation Logitechs decision to shift its corporate headquarters from Switzerland to Fremont, California was a strategic business decision. In business, corporate headquarters is an important location that drives innovation, marketing and distribution of a firms product. In this respect, its location should be strategically located in an environment which entails a company's key consumers. According to Finne and Sivonen (2008), locating a firms headquarters near or in its primary market enhances its competitive advantage. Companies exist to serve the demand of their customers. Consequently, firms cannot attain profitability if they do not understand its customers preference. As indicated in the case study, the major technology firms that Logitech targeted with its producAnswer:wever, attracting these high technology enterprises required Logitech to have a good comprehension of what they like and how they operate. As a result, the company shifted its headquarters to California to increase its interaction with its key customers. In a competitive sector like the one Logitech operates in, gaining insights on customers preferences is a key competitive advantage. Customers prefer to purchase products from companies that they feel produce products which address their requirements. According to Shenkar and Luo (2008), corporate headquarters functions as the heart of a firms product research and development activities. However, product research and development can only be attained through interaction with the firms key customers. Moreover, the move could have been motivated by marketing purposes. With an already established computer peripheral market, the United States provided an ideal environment for Logitech to sell its brand locally and globally. Although several perspectives can be applied to explain Logitechs decision to shift its headquarters, the move intended to increase the companys international presence and profitability in the long term. References Finne, S., Sivonen, H. (2008). The Retail Value Chain: How to Gain Competitive Advantage through Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) Strategies. Philadelphia: Kogan Page Publishers. Shenkar, O., Luo, Y. (2008). International Business. Los Angeles: SAGE.

Hate Crimes Essays (704 words) - Discrimination, Abuse, Criminology

Hate Crimes 1. I feel that any time a person or group is physically assaulted there is a major problem in existence. That is exactly what a hate crime is, assault towards another person or persons and according to the FBI the number of hate crimes towards authorities "increased from 5,852 in 1994 to 8,759 in 1996 (handout)." When you start committing crimes against those that are supposed to protect us from these crimes it becomes much more difficult to stop or even contain these crimes. I believe that our society is too focused on the perfect specimen, and that is totally different to everyone. These different views are what causes people to discriminate against others whether it be about sex, race or religion. The range of the crimes has drastically increased lately, spreading to the discrimination of "Jews, Hispanics, Pacifists, abortion doctors, the federal government and many more (handout)." As long as our society is focused on finding the perfect specimen I don' believe we will see an end to hate crimes any time in the near future. 2. The Catholic Church says, "hatred of the neighbor is a grave sin when one deliberately desires him grave harm (CCC #2203)." What this means in laymen term is that we should love our neighbor even if they wrong us. It is not our place to hold grudges against others. If we are harmed by another it is our job to forgive the person and get on with our lives and we should leave it up to God to punish that person for what they have done. Although it may not be the easiest thing in the world Jesus has told us to turn the other cheek and forgive our enemies if this I done we would truly be following the catechisms teaching. 3. This question is kind of a rhetorical one because if we followed the Catholic Churches teaching on any issue it would not be an issue. If we treated all of Gods' people with the same respect and love Christ did than we would all be best friends and wouldn't have to worry about others harming us in any way. So in response to the question not only would this be less of a problem, but it would not be a problem at all if we followed the Churches teaching on this issue or any other issue. 4. This is a very touchy issue when it comes to laws because we have so many rights that are protected in the constitution such as freedom to assemble and freedom of speech that if there is no physical harm being inflicted than there is really nothing the police can do. I personally think that it should be outlawed for groups such as the KKK to assemble outside of city halls because everyone knows what their purpose is and by letting them do that it is almost like giving our consent. Another big problem is the Internet. The Internet gives otherwise innocent people access to all sorts of ideas that they never would have been exposed to and when one is weak they will believe almost anything thrown at them. Other than those two laws or regulations I really can not think of anything else that can be fixed or changed in order to help this issue, it would take close to a miracle to be able to even reduce this problem a little bit. 5. One good way to get rid of this problem in society is to try and counter act any hate crime group with one that is equally as strong if not stronger, that goes against the crime in a peaceful non violent manner. This would show the people committing these crimes that we are not just going to sit back and watch these act be committed. While this may not work in every case it should do a pretty decent job in stopping some people. Another way to get these crimes from happening would be to give a heavy punishment for anything that resembles a hate crime because those who commit these crimes walk away much too easy for what they have done. If we show people by legal physical action that we are not going to be pushed around the amount of crimes will drastically decrease. Granted there is nothing that will completely stop these crimes and these ideas may not even help the issue that much but I feel they will do some amount of good.

Is the Age of Sovereignty Over essays

Is the Age of Sovereignty Over essays In order to fully examine the extent of any demise in state sovereignty, we need first to set definitions of key terms. Andrew Heywood, in his book Key Concepts in Politics offers the following as an outline of sovereignty: The principle of absolute and unlimited power (Heywood: 37). The context of this remark is that the state and its institutions hold legitimate authority over all organisations and individuals within the state territory. A core implication is that no man is above the law. The state, then, can be considered the sole purveyor of justice, and the only body with licence to employ force as means to achieve goals. This brings us to the distinction between legal and political sovereignty. Whilst the legal element relates to the situations described above, where the state uses law and legislation to control subjects, political sovereignty refers to the state as an agent that uses its monopoly on force and coercion to gain obedience. An example could be the Chilean regime of the 1970s under General Pinochet, where Legitimate violence (Weber) was a tool frequently wielded. Both these are cases of internal sovereignty, involving the states ability to control its own nationals. External sovereignty, however, looks at a nations standing on an international level. Heywood calls this the states Ability to act as an independent and autonomous entity (Heywood: 38). Indeed, the United Nations defines a state as a body possessing Independence and sovereignty (Lechner & Boli: 205). Thus we can say that a sovereign nation-state is one which is able to keep legitimate control of its inhabitants, and is distinguishable in a global context. Through these criteria we are able to eliminate bodies with huge international standing (e.g. Microsoft), and organisations capable of influencing individuals (e.g. the church) from classification as states. In ...

Forecasting and Business Analysis Research Paper

Forecasting and Business Analysis - Research Paper Example In order to plan for the feasibility of the expansion, they needed to forecast their sales for the period. As a reference to their sales forecast, the Recreational Good Retail Turnover estimate for 2010 is required. The Recreational Good Retail Turnover (RGRT) dataset is gathered starting April 1982 until the end of March 2010. Figure 1 is the graphical summary of the data per quarter of each year. It can be observed that the trend of RGRT is increasing every year with seasonal peaks by the fourth quarter of each year. Furthermore, it can be observed that a linear trend is visible starting from the year 2000 up to the present, thus, these dataset shall be significant. Accompanying the RGRT is the Consumer Price Index (CPI) dataset is gathered from the start of September 1948 until the end of March 2010. The CPI is collected every quarter of the year. It can be observed that the CPI is also increasing through time. The method used for forecasting RGRT in this paper is autoregression (AR) model of univariate analysis. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), the AR(pmax) of RGRT is estimated. Lower order AR models are then determined until such time that Yp-1 is statistically significant or the P-value for testing Yp-1 = 0 is less than the chosen significance level of 0.05. In order to corrIn order to correct for the seasonality of the RGRT dataset, a method of calculating seasonal index is applied, wherein, the average seasonal index for each period is used as a multiplier for the regression equation (Rowbotham, Galloway, & Azhashemi, 2007). Other factors that can affect the RGRT are also checked for their statistical significance. These factors are unemployment rate, consumer price index and average weekly earnings of the population. Evaluations of results The unemployment rate, consumer price index and average weekly earnings are significant to the calculation for determination of RGRT forecast values. Appendix A shows the summary of fitted values for each factor. All factors show an increasing trend through time. This means that the increasing trend of RGRT is justified and it is safe to assume that there are no significant downward slope for the year to come. The AR model for RGRT is determined to be in the first-order as estimated by OLS. The RGRT model reduces to Yt = + Yt-1 + et where the fitted values are = 760.6366 and = 16.8146. The P-value for the equation is less than the signifiance level of 0.05 such that the model is considered as statistically significant. Appendix A provides the summary of other values of the regression equation for RGRT. The plot for the estimated values of the trend component is reflected in Figure 3. In order to allocate for the seasonality of RGRT, the average index per quarter is calculated. The index is computed as the predicted y-values using the regression equation divided by the actual y-values from the dataset (Rowbotham, Gall

The types of board diversity and its impact on board performance Essay

The types of board diversity and its impact on board performance - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of diversity as the difference between things or people, the variety of assortment that makes us unique. Every person has unique skills, characteristics, and challenges that contribute much in the board performance. Despite that, the body structure is the same; physical characteristics differ making people have a greater deal of diversity. Diversity has the composition of age, gender, race, and ethnicity, education, physical appearance, political persuasion among others. It is the examination of these differences in a safe, affirmative, and fostering environment. Age diversity- workforce increasingly varied in age demographics, creating proficient environment loaded with experience and maturity as well as youthful enthusiasm. Companies that employ more workers in wide ranges of age have an advantage of creating a dynamic workforce with a diverse range of skills beneficial to the company. Gender diversity- it is an Umbrella term used by Aus tralians to swap transgender in a more comprehensive fashion. It is the skill of sex or gender identity beyond the biological and dual philosophy of male and female. It celebrates the diversity in gender identities rather than some categories of people. Gender composition in a workplace has its own advantages and disadvantages in the workforce. Most of the top boards in Australian do not have women. The following graph shows the percentage of women in 48 boards, in ASX 200 files. Available from: http://www.companydirectors.com.au/Director-Resource-Centre/Governance-and-Director-Issues/Board-Diversity/~/media/Resources/Director%20Resource%20Centre/Governance%20and%20director%20issues/Board%20diversity/Board%20Diversity%20images/Graph%20images/Percentageofwomen_19April.ashx?w=360&h=275&as=1 [accessed on May 03 2013] Race diversity- a race is a population distinguished from other populations within a species by hereditarily transmitted physical characteristics. It has a unique and distinct ensemble of genes and remains identified by this genetic ensemble. Members of the same race share distinguished genetic characteristics because they share the same ancestry. This also depends on language distribution. The following graph show race or ethnic diversity from a county make up. Available from: Http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl [accessed on May 06 2013] Culture diversity- this is about the ethnic groups, nationalities, lifestyles, and the educational level. Two people may appear similar on the outside but have different cultures, values, view points, and work styles. It is equally valuable for a business to acknowledge multiple cultures that exist within the work place. Mangers work in hand with the employees to ensure that their cultures remain respected. The following graph shows women cultural diversity on trusteeship in 1931. Available from: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl [accessed on May 06 2013] Religion diversity- people continue to express a high level of religion involvement that is highly significant and productive in both the work force and our daily lives. In the recent, religious discrimination, remain practiced highly in the workforce. This diversity contributes much in the performance of a company. Catholics and Christians have the highest percentage in Australia while others like Anglican, uniting church, Presbyterian and reformed among others follow. The following gr

Concepts and Theories of Organizational Politics

Concepts and Theories of Organizational Politics Abstract Organizational politics is often defined as Intentional enhancement of self-interest. What it actually means research provides that It is use of power to affect decision making in an organization or self-serving and organizationally unsanctioned behaviors. This definition adds to knowledge of organizational behavior that the people in the organization reflect political behaviors and ability to reflect such behaviors were termed as political skills. These behaviors can be both legal and illegal with respect to their intensity. However, in reality politics take place due to scarcity of organizational resources as everyone will attempt to perform better and want to be rewarded to fulfill personal interest, but as resources are limited it does not happen. Moving forward, it is also said that political behavior can be perceived as politics and at the same time as effective management so, it depends on the perception of a person. Now talking about reasons of political behavior adopted by p eople in the organization there are some individual factors as individuals in organizations may be high self-monitors, high mach personality, possess locus of control or may have job alternatives such individuals found to be indulge in politics. As for as organizational factors are concerned there may be role ambiguity, limited resources, high performance pressure or self-serving serving senior managers which stimulate the process of politicking within the organization. However, there is a reaction to an action so, people used to behave defensively in order to avoid action, blame or change. So, organizations should limit the effects of political behavior otherwise they should have to manage the politics effectively by being clear, straight forward, by being honest in their proceeds in order to match the communicated thoughts with their employees, and using defensive behaviors against dirty political players. Moreover, people in organizations want to be attractive and want to make po sitive image of themselves in the mind of others. This attempt of people of introduced the term impression management in the organization by means of which people manage their impression in minds of others. It helps people to take benefits in different aspects and satisfy their interests, which is likely to be referred as politics. Introduction Pfeffer (1992) defined politics as the processes, the actions, the behaviors through which potential power is utilized and realized. Another author (Dubrin, 2001) defined organizational politics as informal approaches to gaining power through means of other than merit or luck. It could be argued that politics are used primarily to achieve power, either directly or indirectly, e.g., by being promoted, receiving a larger budget or other resources,  ­or gaining desirable assignments. Many people regard organizational politics as something negative (e.g., pursuing self-interests at the ex ­pense of others) and something to be minimized. Consequently, although most people know that organizational politics are common, they avoid saying so when it concerns ones own behavior. It is more common to talk about politics when complaining about a loss to a friend than it is in the context of ones own political interference. When we win on an issue, we call it leadership, when we lose, we call it politics. In many organizations, politics is a taboo subject, which makes it difficult for individuals to deal with this crucially important aspect of organizational reality. Organizational politics are neither good nor bad, although it is important for us to distinguish between ethical and unethical political behavior. Organizational politics When people get together in groups, power will be exerted. People want to carve out niche from which to exert influence, earn rewards, and advance their careers. When employees in organizations convert their power in to action it is describe as to them as being engaged in politics. Those with good political skills have the ability to use their bases of power efectively.1 Defining Organizational politics Organizational politics refers to Intentional enhancement of self-interest by kinicki in 1990, it means that a person with his intention try to influence the others in the organization in order to enhance his personal interests. Furthermore, with reference to the study subjected to Political Alignments in Organizations and Power and Influence in Organizations done by S.B. Bacharach and E.J. Lawler, R.M. Kramer and M.A. Neale respectively in 1998 defines organizational politics as It is focused on use of power to affect decision making in an organizations or self-serving and organizationally unsanctioned behaviors. In explanation a person use his power or authority to influence the decisions made by organization or use his power to serve himself with organizational resources and also to its extreme perform or reflect such a behavior that is prohibited in the organization. Political skills It can be defined as The ability to influence others in such a way as to enhance ones objective2, according to this definition a person if have such an impact on others that they act in accordance with him to achieve his goal or objective. So, if a person used to create required behavior coming from others which at the end help to accomplish that particular persons objectives, the person is said to be have political skills. Political behavior It refers to the Activities that are not required as part of a persons formal role in the organization but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization.3 In simple words such a behavior within the organization that is not required by job or organization but rather exercised in attempt to take advantages in certain conditions. Moreover, this definition is broad enough to include varied political behaviors such as withholding key information from decision makers, joining a coalition, whistle blowing, spreading rumors, leaking confidential information to the media, exchanging favors with others in the organization for mutual benefits, and lobbying on behalf of or against a specific individual or decision alternative. Types of political behavior There are two types of organizational politics that are as follows Legitimate political behavior Illegitimate political behavior Legitimate political behavior Interviews with experienced managers revealed that the political behavior is a major part of organizational life.4 Many manager reports that the use political behavior is both ethical and necessary, as long as it does not directly harms anyone else. So, this type of political behavior is subjected to normal routine politics that take place every single day within the organization. Illegitimate political behavior As described above political behavior is part of organizational life, some managers repot it to be good but to which extent? The intensity of politics done refers to another type of political behavior. So we can say that extreme politics that violates the implied rules of the game in organization reflect to be illegitimate or illegal type of political behavior, such a behavior would likely to be sentenced to punishment. The reality of Politics Organizations are made up of individuals or groups with different values, goals and interests.5 This set up the potential of conflict over the allocation of limited resources, such as departmental budgets, space, project responsibilities and salary adjustments.6 If resources were abundant constituencies within the organization could satisfy their goals. As the resources are limited everyones interests cannot be satisfied. Furthermore, gains by one individual or group are often perceived as coming at the expense of others within the organization whether they are not. These forces create real competition among members for the organizations limited resources. Politics in the eye of beholder A behavior one person labels as organization politics is very likely to seem like effective management to another. The fact is that the effective management is necessarily political, although in some cases it might be. Rather, a persons point determines what he or she classifies as organizational politics. For example, one experimental study showed that power-oriented behavior performed by a permanent employee is seen as more legitimate and less harsh than the same behavior performed by a temporary employee.7 take a look at the following labels used to describe the same phenomenon. These suggest that politics, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder.8 In simple words these labels describe that at the same time one may state a political label to be an effective management label. For example, blaming others for a deed is politics on the other hand it may be referred as fixing a person to its responsibility that is an effective management. Let take another example creating conflict in the work setting might be politics but looking from other side it might be am initiative to change or innovation in the organization, and same applies to others. Causes of political behavior      Ã‚   There are following factors contributing to political behavior in the organization.9, 10, 11, 12 Individual factors High self-monitors Internal locus of control High Mach personality Organizational investment Perceived job alternatives Organizational factors Declining of resources Promotion opportunities Role ambiguity Unclear performance evaluation system Zero-sum reward practices Democratic decision making High performance pressures Self-serving senior managers Individual factors High self-monitors These individuals are more sensitive to social cues, they exhibit higher levels of social conformity, and they are more likely to be skilled in political behavior. Internal locus of control The organizations consist of such individuals who are more prone to take a proactive stance and attempt to manipulate situations in their favor, which in sense is politics as an individual try to influence the environment. High mach personality The individual who wills to manipulate, and have desire for power is comfortable at using politics as a mean to fulfill his or her self-interest. Organizational investment Some individuals used to have persona investment in the organization in terms of expectations of increased future benefits, the more that person has to lose if forced out and the less likely he or she is to use illegitimate means. Perceived job alternatives An individual who have more alternative job opportunities due to a favorable job market or the possession of scarce skills or knowledge, a prominent reputation, or influential contacts outside the organization the more likely there is risk that he can take illegitimate political actions. Organizational factors Unclear performance evaluation system Organizations should opt proper performance evaluation system and there should be no subjective performance criteria, no single outcome measure, and there should be no delay in awarding appraisal for a job done. Zero-Sum Reward practices It is also called Win/Lose Approach treats the reward pie as fixed so that any gain one person or group achieves has to come at the expense of another person or group. This particular approach opted by organization enhances the politics in the organization. Democratic decision making In this regard organizations direct managers to behave more democratically, they are told that they should allow employees to advise them on decisions and that they should rely to a greater extent on group input into the decision process, which cause undue influence on organizational practices. High performance pressure In an organization the more pressure that employees feel to perform well, the more likely they are to engage in politicking. Self-serving senior managers When inside the organization the employees see the people on top engaging in political behavior, especially when they do so successfully and are rewarded for it, a climate is created that supports politicking. Declining resources In an organization people may engage in political actions to safeguard what they have. So, they may stimulate conflicting actions and increase politicking. Promotion opportunities As appraisal is part of organizational practices so, it encourages people to compete for a limited resource and try to positively influence the decision outcome. Role ambiguity If the organizational practices fail to clearly define the role of particular job within the working environment, it initiates the politicking as the formal role and behaviors required by the organization are ambiguous. Consequences of organizational politics There are different kinds of employees within an organization so; in respond to organizational politics employees reflect different effects, like some employees show decreased job satisfaction13 and reduction in job performacne14. Similarly, some employees feel an increase in anxiety and stress15 while performing their job in political environment. Furthermore, some employees add to turnover ratio16 of organization as they might resign from their job due to political practices in organization. It is also seen that when employees see politics as a threat, they often respond with Defensive behaviors. Defensive behaviors It can be defined as Reactive and protective behaviors to avoid action, blame or change.17 there are some examples of such behaviors in Avoiding action Over conforming Strictly interpreting your responsibility by saying things like This is the way we have always done it. Buck passing Transferring the responsibility for the execution of a task or decision to someone else. Playing dumb Avoiding an unwanted task by falsely pleading ignorance and inability. Stretching Delaying a task so that one person seems to b stucked in a particular task. Stalling Appearing to be more or less supportive publically while doing little or nothing privately. There are some examples of such behaviors in Avoiding blame Buffing A person tries to cover his back by projecting an image of competence and thoroughness. Playing safe It refers to taking responsibility of such projects which have high chances of success, have risky decisions approved by superiors, and in which one can take neutral position in conflicts. Justifying Developing explanation or apologizing for a task which has negative outcomes. Scapegoating One attempts to place blame on external factors for a negative outcome. Misrepresenting It involves manipulation of information by distortion, deception or selective presentation. There are some examples of such behaviors in Avoiding change Prevention A person tries to prevent a threatening change from occurring. Self-protection A person acts in such ways that he can protect his self-interest during change by guarding information or other resources. Limiting effects of political behavior The worldwide organizations confront the political behavior from the side of employees which sometimes act in good faith of organization but to the same extent it can damage the organizational goals and objectives, in case if the personal interests of a person or group of persons become a hurdle in the way of organizational performance. In response to such violation organizations should take possible measure such as There should be open flow of communication. The employees should be provided sufficient resources to fulfill their interests. The rules and regulations should be defined clearly. The information dissemination should be done such a manner that there should be no addition while passing from one level to another. The political norms should be removed. Hire those employees who reflect lower levels of political skills. Managing organizational politics effectively As politics are major part of an organization, as the organization consists of individuals and group of people. However, politics can be managed effectively if one follows these steps: One should learn the culture and the rules of the game for success in the organization. One should establish credibility and an overall positive impression in the eyes of others present in the organization. One should build a base of support by forming alliances, groups with key players. One should create and implement formal clear policies, procedures so there is no ambiguity. One should be open and vivid while dealing with employees regarding the decisions which influence them. One should be consistent with what he says and what he acts. One should use defensive behaviors to protect themselves against the dirty political players in the organization. Impression management (IM) As people have ongoing interest in how others perceived and evaluate them. For example, people in North America spend billions of dollars on diet, health, club membership, cosmetics and plastic surgery, all this is done to make them attractive to others.18 Being perceived positively by others should have benefits for people in organization. I may result into favorable evaluation, superior salary increase, and more rapid promotion. In political context, it might help to take distribution advantages in their favor. So, Impression management can be defined as The process by which individuals attempt to control the impression others form of them.19 Impression management techniques There are various techniques of impression management which can be opted by people to control their impression others have about them.20 These techniques are as under: Conformity It involves agreeing with someone elses opinion to gain his or her approval is a form of ingratiation. For example, a manager tells his boss, You are absolutely right on your plan to reorganize the office. Excuse Excuse refers to an explanation regarding an unpleasant event caused by a person in order to minimize the intensity of anger. It is a defensive IM technique. For example, a sales manager says to his boss, We were not able to put ad in the paper on time, but no one responds to those ads anyway. Apologies In apology one admits responsibility for an undesirable event and seeks to get pardon for the action, it is a defensive IM technique. For example, an employee says to his boss, I am sorry I made a mistake in report. Please forgive me. Self promotion It is a self-focused technique in which one person highlights his own work, best qualities, downplay others deficit and call attention to his own achievement. For example, an employee tells his boss, I accomplish a task in one week which someone else could not do in months. I am the best performer here. Flattery Flattery is referred as buttering, because while reflecting flattery a person give compliments about others proceeds in an effort to appear perceptive and likeable to him. For example, a new comer says to experienced, you handled that clients complaint so tactfully, I could never do that just you did. Favors It includes doing something nice for someone to gain his or her approval is a form of ingratiation. For example, a sales person says to client, I have got two tickets to theater tonight, take them. Consider it a thank you for taking your time. Association In association one person do more than required to show how dedicated and hard working he is in organization. For example, a person had performed overtime duty he conveyed that message to his supervisor so; he could know he was working hard. Enhancement A self-focused technique in which a person claims that his work done is more valuable than any of other members of organization. For example, a journalist tells his editor, My news on celebrity divorce story was a major boost in sales. Even though the story only made it to page 3 in the entertainment section. References Mintzberg, Power In and Around Organizations, p. 26. See also K. M. Kacmar and R. A. Baron, Organizational Politics: The State of the Field, Links to Related Processes, and an Agenda for Future Research, in G. R. Ferris (ed.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, vol. 17 (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1999), pp. 1-39. G. R. Ferris, D. C. Treadway, P. L. Perrewà ©, R. L. Brouer, C. Douglas, and S. Lux, Political Skill in Organizations,Journal of Management (June 2007),pp. 290-320; K. J.Harris, K. M. Kacmar, S. Zivnuska, and J. D. Shaw, The Impact of Political Skill on Impression Management Effectiveness, Journal of Applied Psychology 92, no. 1 (2007). A. Drory and T. Romm, The Definition of Organizational Politics: A Review, Human Relations (November 1990), pp. 1133-1154; and R. S. Cropanzano, K. M. Kacmar, and D. P. Bozeman, Organizational Politics, Justice, and Support: Their Differences and Similarities, in R. S. Cropanzano and K. M. Kacmar (eds.), Organizational Politics, Justice and Support: Managing Social Climate at Work (Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1995), pp. 1-18; and G. R. Ferris and W. A. Hochwarter, Organizational Politics, in S. Zedeck (ed.), APA Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, vol. 3 (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2011), pp. 435-459. D. A. Buchanan, You Stab My Back, Ill Stab Yours: Management Experience and Perceptions of Organization Political Behavior, British Journal of Management 19, no. 1 (2008), pp. 49-64. J. Pfeffer, Power: Why Some People Have It-And Others Dont (New York: Harper Collins, 2010). Drory and Romm, The Definition of Politics. C. R. Willness, P. Steel, and K. Lee, A Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents and Consequences of Workplace Sexual Harassment, Personnel Psychology 60 (2007), pp. 127-162. Source: Based on T. C. Krell, M. E. Mendenhall, and J. Sendry, Doing Research in the Conceptual Morass of Organizational Politics, paper presented at the Western Academy of Management Conference, Hollywood, CA, April 1987. G. R. Ferris, G. S. Russ, and P. M. Fandt, Politics in Organizations, in R. A. Giacalone and P. Rosenfeld (eds.), Impression Management in the Organization (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1989), pp. 155-156; and W. E. OConnor and T. G. Morrison, A Comparison of Situational and Dispositional Predictors of Perceptions of Organizational Politics, Journal of Psychology (May 2001), pp. 301-312. Farrell and Petersen, Patterns of Political Behavior in Organizations, Academy of Management Review 7, no. 3 (1982), pp. 403-412. G. R. Ferris and K. M. Kacmar, Perceptions of Organizational Politics, Journal of Management (March 1992), pp. 93-116. Ferris, Russ, and Fandt, Politics in Organizations, p. 147; and J. M. L. Poon, Situational Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Politics Perceptions, Journal of Managerial Psychology 18, no. 2 (2003), pp. 138-155. W. A. Hochwarter, C. Kiewitz, S. L. Castro, P. L. Perrewe, and G. R. Ferris, Positive Affectivity and Collective Efficacy as Moderators of the Relationship Between Perceived Politics and Job Satisfaction, Journal of Applied Social Psychology (May 2003). G. R. Ferris, D. D. Frink, M. C. Galang, J. Zhou, K. M. Kacmar, and J. L. Howard, Perceptions of Organizational Politics: Prediction, Stress-Related Implications, and Outcomes, Human Relations (February 1996), pp. 233-266; and E. Vigoda, Stress-Related Aftermaths to Workplace Politics: The Relationships Among Politics, Job Distress, and Aggressive Behavior in Organizations, Journal of Organizational Behavior (August 2002), pp. 571-591. S. Aryee, Z. Chen, and P. S. Budhwar, Exchange Fairness and Employee Performance: An Examination of the Relationship Between Organizational Politics and Procedural Justice, Organizational Behavior Human Decision Processes (May 2004), pp. 1-14. C. Kiewitz, W. A. Hochwarter, G. R. Ferris, and S. L. Castro,The Role of Psychological Climate in Neutralizing the Effects of Organizational Politics on Work Outcomes, Journal of Applied Social Psychology (June 2002), pp. 1189-1207. B. E. Ashforth and R. T. Lee, Defensive Behavior in Organizations: A Preliminary Model, Human Relations (July 1990), pp. 621-648. M. R. Leary and R. M. Kowalski, Impression Management: A Literature Review and Two-Component Model, Psychological Bulletin (January 1990), pp. 34-47. W. L. Gardner and M. J. Martinko, Impression Management in Organizations, Journal of Management (June 1988), pp. 321-338; M. C. Bolino and W. H. Turnley, More Than One Way to Make an Impression: Exploring Profiles of Impression Management, Journal of Management 29, no. 2 (2003), pp. 141-160; S. Zivnuska, K. M. Kacmar, L. A. Witt, D. S. Carlson, and V. K. Bratton, Interactive Effects of Impression Management and Organizational Politics on Job Performance, Journal of Organizational Behavior (August 2004), pp. 627-640; and M. C. Bolino, K. M. Kacmar, W. H. Turnley, and J. B. Gilstrap, A Multi-Level Review of Impression Management Motives and Behaviors, Journal of Management 34, no. 6 (2008), pp. 1080-1109. B. R. Schlenker, Impression Management s(Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1980); M. C. Bolino, K. M. Kacmar, W. H. Turnley, and J. B. Gilstrap, A Multi-Level Review of Impression Management Motives and Behaviors, Journal of Management 34, no. 6 (2008), pp. 1080-1109; and R. B. Cialdini, Indirect Tactics of Image Management Beyond Basking, in R. A. Giacalone and P. Rosenfeld (eds.), Impression Management in the Organization (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1989), pp. 45-71.

Agatha Christie’s “The idol house of Astarte” Essay

The story the â€Å"Idol House of Astarte† is just one of the stories that appeared in Dame Agatha Christie’s â€Å"The Thirteen Problems† (1932, 2000)(also published as â€Å"The Tuesday Club Murders. â€Å") Ms. Jane Marple, one of Christie’s most beloved characters is the village old maid who has a knack for observing parallels between situations (Bargainnier 42). She along with her playwright nephew Raymond West, the artist Joyce Lempriere, Scotland Yard’s Sir Henry Clithering, the elderly clergyman Dr. Pender and the solicitor Mr. Petherick are featured telling accounts of puzzling situations and crimes they have experienced (Christie 1). To each story, the storyteller withholds the solution to the how the crime was solved and how it was committed. The challenge to the listeners is to guess the answers to the question of how the murders or crimes were committed and by whom. (2) â€Å"The Idol House of Astarte† (15-30) is the story shared by Dr. Pender. In it, he recalls the experience he had and the murder he witnessed at a party at the house of a Sir Richard Haydon on Dartmoor. The house itself, while unremarkable in appearance, was said to be built on a location full of history including that of the Neolithic hut dwellers, the Druids, Romans and early Phoenicians. On the grounds is a peculiar piece of land with a dense crop of trees, which Haydon thought to be the sacred grove of a Phoenician goddess of the moon, Astarte. The sight and eerie atmosphere of the grove inspired one of the guests, an actress called Diana Ashley to suggest a Fancy dress or costume party for that evening. In the course of the evening, the house party dressed in their costumes once again venture to the grove and encounter a surprise in the form of a fully costumed Diana Ashley who was acting the part of a priestess at the goddess temple. In excitement, Sir Richard Haydon attempts to approach Diana, stumbles and then falls forward. When he doesn’t get up, his cousin Elliot investigates what happened and announces that Richard was dead apparently from a stab wound. Despite searching for a weapon or possible reason for Haydon’s death, none could be found. The next day, Elliot Haydon was also found stabbed but alive in the same position as Richard was. The difference was that a dagger was left in the wound. According to him, something supernatural happened in the grove and that his wound was inflicted by something he could not explain. The story goes on to detail the many solutions Ms. Marple’s party offers up for the deaths. Most of which considered the supernatural and superhuman. Of them all, only the lawyer Mr. Petherick and Ms. Marple offered solutions that completely discounted the supernatural. In the end, it was Ms. Marple who came upon the correct answer to Dr. Pender’s mystery. There were many factors that made the story mystical. The story itself carries many suggestions of supernatural things such as magic and ghosts. Much mention has also been given to the â€Å"atmosphere† of the grove, which was often described as spooky or creepy. There was also of course the setting, which was in a clearing in a dense crop of trees and the time at which the murder happened which was a night with a rising moon (20). There was also the eerie dark punctuated with whispers and sighs, and the small summerhouse or â€Å"temple† at the clearing itself where a stone statue of the goddess Astarte was enshrined. The atmosphere of evil and foreboding enveloped the characters in the house party. Ms.Marple’s group was also invariably influenced by the eerie nature of the story and Dr. Pender’s description of how he felt on seeing the grove as well as the events as they unfolded. I think this very â€Å"atmosphere† itself plus the mere fact that a clergyman such as Dr. Pender could be affected by such â€Å"evil† atmosphere, hindered the characters in the house party including some members of Ms. Marple’s group in their objective and sober assessment of the facts. In fact, I believe Ms. Marple stated it best when she said: I don’t see how anyone else could have done it†¦I mean if, as Mr. Petherick so wisely says, one looks at the facts and disregards all that atmosphere of heathen goddesses which I don’t think is very nice. (Christie 29) I also found it interesting that the more â€Å"artistic† in Ms. Marple’s group such as Raymond West and Joyce Lempriere, were more susceptible to thinking up solutions of a supernatural nature such as seances and superhuman strength used in throwing a javelin. Sir Henry Clithering, while not completely taken in by the supernatural, did consider the possibility of murder done by a professional and exceptionally talented dagger of knife thrower. (27) Owing to his profession as a solicitor, Mr. Petherick was more trained to evaluate facts without the influence of atmosphere. Ms. Marple, besides being a â€Å"matter-of-fact† sort of person, has the wealth of her experience and observations of living in a village that she can build her judgment on. Profession and experience seem to be used as indicators and measures of each character’s objectivity and imagination. Both Ms. Christie and the character Dr. Pender are wonderful storytellers. The description of the grove and the feelings it created in those who visited it shows just how important atmosphere can be not only in a story (Bargainnier 28) but also in influencing how people think, feel, and view things. Works Cited Bargainnier, Earl F. The Gentle Art of Murder: The Detective Fiction of Agatha Christie. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1980. Questia. 4 Nov. 2007 . Christie, Agatha. â€Å"The Idol House of Astarte. † The Thirteen Problems. New York: Signet, 2000. 15-30.

Colonial History of Mali

Colonial History of: Mali Mali started out as part of The Ghana Empire which was dominated by the Soninke people up until 1203 when it was taken over by an anti-Muslim Sosso Kingdom. The Mali Kingdom took over from 1230 – 1600 this empire had a lot of influence over West Africa; it began to weaken in the 14th century and was challenged by the Songhai Empire. The two empires ruled over Mali until they were defeated by the Moroccan Saadi Dynasty who controlled parts of Mali until they were challenged by other Kingdoms and this led to Mali falling under many different Kingdoms until it was colonized by the French in 1892.France had taken over most of West Africa at the time and it named the territory taken over in Mali as the French Sudan and appointed civilian governors even though they did appoint a civilian as governor there was still a lot of opposition to French rule. By 1958 French Sudan was renamed to the Sudanese Republic and obtained complete internal autonomy and joined the French Community which meant it supplied labor to French colonies and was given full assistance by France.In 1959 Sudanese Republic was renamed again to the Federation of Mali, one year later the France to let the Federation of Mali to be fully independent, and on 20th of June 1960 the Federation of Mali became fully independent and Modibo Keita was named its first President. After Keita was made President he wanted to move to a more socialist policy which led him to withdraw from the French Community and he decided to have close ties to the Eastern Bloc.In 1967 Mali was forced to rejoin the French Community due to its deteriorating economy. A bloodless coup in 1978 saw a group of young officers set up a 14-member Military Committee for National Liberation (CLMN). This committee tried to improve the economic situation in the country but faced internal political struggles; these struggles have continued over the years and are one of the main issues which Mali faces as a country and has led to a number of insurgencies taking place.

Key Issues For Foreign Bank In Native Country Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 907 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? To understand the efficiency obtaining is a key issue for a foreign bank to break through a native country eventually. This section discusses the efficiency between home bank and exterior bank as well as the differentiation between developed and developing countries. European banking plays an important role in the world economy today. Thus, we will use some academic finance journals as information source to summarise some empirical results as well as use European banking as an example to make comparison with the other countries. George Clarks and others (2003) indicate the four main reasons that we should focus on the foreign bank entry. (i) Generally speaking, foreign are attracted to other nations with fewer restriction on entry and bank activity. (ii) The larger banks are more likely to expand abroad and have clients that need banking services overseas. (iii) Foreign banks seem to put forth competitive pressure on local bank, forcing them to low their cost o nce they arrive the expand nation. 4. Regulative restrictions and earn possibilities may affect the style of foreign bank entry and organization. According to Philip M., Yener A. and Edward Gardener (1996), the European financial service industry has developed rapidly and competition level has increased in recent years. The chief components of impact on the effects of single financial market closely connect to competition, cost efficiency and changes in market structure. European Market: Based on the Basel Accord development (from ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  to ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢): Basel ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  mainly focus on credit risk; Basel ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡ concludes three pillars: First pillar deals with maintenance of regulatory capital calculated by three main components, credit risk, operational risk and market risk; Second pillar provides much improvement of Basel ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  , it provides a framework t o deal with other risks, such as systemic risk, pension risk and strategic risk, which combines under the residual risk; Basel ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ includes five main changes: (i) The quality, consistency, and transparency of the capital base will be raised. (ii) The risk coverage of the capital framework will be strengthened. (iii) The Committee will introduce a leverage ratio as a supplementary measure to the BaselÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡ risk-based framework. (iv) The Committee is introducing a series of measures to promote the build up of capital buffers in good times that can be drawn upon in periods of stress. (v) The Committee also is reviewing the need for additional capital, liquidity or other supervisory measures to reduce the externalities created by systemically important institutions. The great changes are believed to build up a standard approach for the capital requirements. Jacob A. (2004) has pointed out the establishment of Economic and Moneta ry Union (EMU) and the creation of euro capital market enhanced the progress of the competition in European banking industry. The differences between nations are important, such as size difference between banks, difference between banking categories and movement of efficiency over time. X-efficiency, is the ability to minimize cost, is considered as the most important type of efficiency. It is generally measured as its cost level compared with the best-practice bank which has the similar size. From 1990 to 1997, most European countries have substantially reduced their inefficiencies and cost levels in recent years than the earlier 1990s. Foreign bank versus Domestic bank: George R. and others (2006) conduct a survey from 35 developing economies with data on the degree of external bank has been involved among the countries. The empirical results are: Business managers rate high interest rate and access to a long term loan as lesser barriers to their operations and growth in nations having higher external participation. The coefficient on external bank participation is statistically considerable at a 5 percent level or even better. However, overseas bank participation is not important correlated with business perceptions relating access to non-bank equity. The correlation between external participation and proportion of business managers connect to the banking industry is real. The statistical significance of the coefficients on most variables is not sensitive to the variable for overseas bank participation. There is not clear information when make comparisons with small and medium corporations with massive corporations. The coefficients for small and medium companies are not important relating to interest rates and access to long term credit. The coefficient estimates show that large corporations seem to benefit more than small one from overseas participation in the banking sector. The differences are not statistically important. Developed bank versus Developing bank: Patricia H. (2004) conducts an empirical analysis by using 47 developed and developing nations as a panel set. The empirical results are: The higher knowledge stock of the nation has the higher innovation rate. The high technology imports form developed countries have a positive effect on local innovation. Human capital stock and RD expenditure have a positive and statistically considerable effect on local innovation. The infrastructure measure on electricity production is positive and momentous in all regressions. Local innovation seems to give response to the lever of IPR protection. The variable display positive coefficients in all regressions. FDI inflows are not important in the OLS regressions. To sum up, foreign entry will be wide enough to put forth competing pressure on native banks. Large foreign economies might force native banks to find another market nook that might benefit for small borrowers in the me dium term. Innovation can be explained in developing economies by market size and infrastructure; while RD expenditures, human capital and high-technology import seem to have a greater influence on developed economies. Overseas bank seem to be more interested in chasing native lending opportunities in developing countries than in developed countries. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Key Issues For Foreign Bank In Native Country Finance Essay" essay for you Create order